Blue-winged Macaw
Primolius maracana
Introduction
The blue-winged macaw (Primolius maracana), also known as Illiger’s macaw, is one of the smaller macaw species native to South America. The species inhabits a variety of forest environments, where the birds play an important role in seed dispersal and, consequently, contribute to the natural regeneration of these ecosystems.
The combination of bright green plumage, the characteristic red patch on the lower abdomen and the deep blue colouring of the wings and tail makes the blue-winged macaw easy to recognise. Although the species is not currently considered globally threatened, protecting natural habitats remains essential to maintaining stable wild populations.
WEIGHT
Between 246g and 266g
DIET
Herbivorous
ORIGIN
South America
INCUBATION
26–27 days
WEIGHT
Between 246g and 266g
DIET
Herbivorous
ORIGIN
South America
INCUBACIÓN
26 – 27 días
Facts about the blue-winged macaw
Primolius maracana is considered a small macaw species, with predominantly green plumage complemented by bluish tones across the wings and tail. Most distinctive, however, is the red colouring on the lower belly, forehead and back. The upper side of the tail is blue, whereas the base has a reddish hue. Younger birds, by comparison, display less pronounced red colouring.
Like all macaws, the blue-winged macaw has a strong, curved beak, well adapted to opening hard-shelled fruits and seeds. In addition, zygodactyl feet, with two toes pointing forwards and two backwards, allow the bird to grasp food securely and move with remarkable agility through the branches.
Diet
Although much remains unknown about the diet of the blue-winged macaw, available information suggests that fruits, seeds and flowers make up the majority of the food consumed. In addition, the species may visit cultivated areas in search of food.
Feeding behaviour also has an important ecological function. By consuming fruit and moving between different areas of forest, Primolius maracana contributes to seed dispersal and, in turn, plays a valuable role in ecosystem regeneration.
Lifestyle
The blue-winged macaw is a largely sedentary species, generally remaining within the same area and rarely undertaking long-distance movements. Birds are usually seen in pairs or small groups, flying through the vegetation.
Another distinctive feature is the species’ flight call. The calls are fairly melodious and closely resemble those of Primolius couloni, although those of the blue-winged macaw are slightly higher-pitched.
Reproduction
During the breeding season, blue-winged macaw pairs nest mainly in natural cavities in large trees. Clutches generally contain three to four eggs, with incubation lasting approximately 26–27 days.
Both parents take part in caring for the young. However, while the female spends most of the incubation period on the eggs, the male is responsible for providing food.
Under human care, the blue-winged macaw breeds relatively readily. Consequently, the species is included in international breeding programmes that help maintain a genetically diverse reserve population as part of wider conservation efforts.
Geographic distribution and habitat
The blue-winged macaw occurs primarily in Brazil, with populations also found in eastern Paraguay. Historically, the species was also recorded in north-eastern Argentina, where the population is now probably extinct.
Within ecosystems such as the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado savanna, Primolius maracana favours evergreen and deciduous forests. In the Caatinga region, meanwhile, gallery forests are preferred, although the species can also adapt to drier habitats. Overall, the blue-winged macaw occurs from sea level to approximately 1,000 metres above sea level.
Threats to the population
The blue-winged macaw is classified as Least Concern (LC) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Across the species’ range, the population is considered stable. Nevertheless, illegal capture for trade remains a potential threat, while persecution linked to feeding in agricultural areas may also have a negative impact on local populations.
- Conservation status (IUCN): Least Concern (LC)
- Population trend: stable
Photos of the Blue-winged macaw
Interesting facts about the blue-winged macaw
A distinctive face
The blue-winged macaw closely resembles the red-bellied macaw (Orthopsittaca manilata) due to the yellow colouring of the facial patch. However, the two can be distinguished by the yellow iris and red forehead patch of Primolius maracana.
A variety of names
Alongside blue-winged macaw, the species is also known as Illiger’s macaw. In Spanish, several additional common names refer to the red colouring found on different parts of the bird’s plumage.
A long lifespan
Under human care, the blue-winged macaw can live for between 50 and 60 years, provided the bird receives appropriate care and an environment suited to the species’ biological needs.
How we help conserve macaws
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